Challenging the Kyl-Bingaman Amendment: opening access to satellite imagery over Israel and Palestine
Michael Fradley, Endangered Archaeology EAMENA Project Access to satellite imagery has enabled major advances in archaeology and other disciplines studying the Middle East and North Africa. A comparable impact had not been realised over Israel and Palestine, where U.S. restrictions known as the Kyl-Bingaman Amendment limited imagery resolution over this area. This paper will present the work of Michael Fradley and Andrea Zerbini (1984-2019) to remove these restrictions, culminating in the reduction on limits in June 2020, but also considering how structural barriers remain in place. As well as telling this slightly improbable tale, it will also reflect and celebrate the work of Andrea Zerbini who died in July 2019. Michael Fradley is a landscape archaeologist specialising in survey techniques,…